NAVY SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM MANUAL FOR FORCES AFLOAT

OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019

B5-1 SECTION B

CHAPTER 5

SIGHT CONSERVATION

Ref: (a) American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices, ANSI Z87.1-2015 (NOTAL) (b) NAVSAFECEN Chemical Eye and Face Protection Matrix (NOTAL) (c) American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment, ANSI/ISEA Z358.1-2014 (NOTAL)

1. Discussion

a. Navy policy requires that personnel working in eye-hazard areas or operations are provided adequate eye protection at Government expense. Examples of potentially eye hazardous operations are: warfighting and operational training, cutting and welding, drilling, grinding, milling, chipping, sand blasting, other dust and particle producing operations and pouring or handling molten metals or corrosive liquids and solids. Personnel in the immediate vicinity of such operations or entering a posted eye hazard area must wear eye protective equipment.

b. Devices for eye protection, such as safety glasses, chipper's goggles, welder's goggles, chemical goggles, and face shields, must be selected using the guidance provided in appendix B5-A and tables B5-A-1 and B5-A-2. This appendix complies with reference (a). As a minimum, the protective devices provided must be approved by the ANSI, labeled "Z87" or “Z87+” in the case of ballistic eye protection devices, and adequate for the hazards specified.

2. Program Responsibilities

a. Commanding Officer

(1) Ensure that an effective sight conservation program is established.

(2) Place emphasis on leadership by example regarding wearing of sight protection equipment.

b. Safety Officer

(1) Evaluate areas, processes, and equipment for sight hazards if not previously evaluated or modifications have been made. Determine appropriate sight protective equipment per the

OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019

B5-2 baseline IH survey, or reference (b). Assistance may be requested from an IH if difficulty in making such a determination is experienced.

(2) Maintain a current listing of all areas and processes that require eye protection and those areas that require eye wash or deluge shower facilities. A list of eye hazardous areas and processes and eye wash or deluge shower requirements is provided in the baseline IH survey.

(3) Conduct training as required by paragraph 7.

(4) Evaluate the program at least annually. Chapter A3 contains information on conducting self-assessment evaluations.

(5) Ensure safety eyewear obtained by the command has permanent side shields that meet the ANSI test requirements for that specific frame. These side shields are not to be removed.

c. Division Officers

(1) Ensure that areas identified as eye hazardous are properly marked and labeled per paragraph 3.

(2) Ensure personnel use proper eye protective devices when required.

(3) Refer personnel who wear corrective eyewear and work in eye hazard areas to the medical department to obtain prescription safety eyewear.

d. MDR. Provide personnel who require corrective lenses and work in eye hazard areas, with prescription eyewear. Safety eyewear must have side shields that meet the ANSI test requirements.

e. All Hands

(1) Comply with posted eye hazard warning labels.

(2) Properly wear required eye protective equipment.

3. Designation of Eye-Hazardous Areas and Processes. The ship (or construction and repair yard) must mark permanently installed equipment and processes that are eye-hazard areas with deck striping and a “caution” sign.

a. Mark the deck around an immediate eye hazard with a 2- to 3-inch black and yellow striped or checkerboard tape or similarly painted. This tape is available under NSN

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B5-3 9Q/990-01-342-5934 (checkerboard) or 9Q/9905-01-342-5933 (striped). Place the deck marking around equipment operator areas in the vicinity of where the eye hazard is generated (e.g., where there are flying chips from a lathe).

b. Mount the eye hazard sign directly above the hazard, component, machinery, boundary bulkhead, or door in a conspicuous location. The “caution” sign must conform to NSN 9Q/9905- 01-100-8203, "CAUTION, Eye Protection Required in This Area." Eye hazard signs or labels are also available through open purchase. Eye hazard signs and labels are not required on individual tools.

Note: Avoid placing the deck markings or eye hazard signs at the entrance of a space or shop if only selected areas of the shop are eye hazardous. Marking the entire shop as an eye hazardous area requires all personnel in or entering the shop while any equipment is in operation to wear PPE and requires that appropriate PPE is available at the entrance to the shop.

Note: For submarine Engine Room work areas, use temporary boundaries to mark the area. The use of rope and a “Machine Operation in Progress – Eye Protection Required” sign is required to mark the boundaries. See chapter D1, subparagraph 3d(1) for details.

4. Issue and Maintenance of Sight Protection Equipment

a. Issue. The ship must provide and issue appropriate eye protection at Government expense. The list of eye hazards the safety officer maintains identifies required eye protective equipment. All eye and face protection including safety glasses (frames), ballistic eye protection devices, chemical splash goggles, welding and chipping goggles, welding helmets, and face shields must be labeled "Z87.1" or “Z87.1+” indicating compliance with ANSI standard ANSI- Z87.1. Such eye and face protection equipment is available through the supply system or open purchase. Appendix B5-A contains information that describes the general types of protective eyewear frequently used on board ships.

b. Prescription Protective Eyewear. As determined by the safety officer and MDR, prescription safety glasses may be necessary for some individuals. Prescription protective eyewear must be obtained through the medical department. Open purchase procedures may be used to obtain refractive services and prescription safety lenses. DD 771 Eyewear Prescription, or as designated by BUMED, will be used in all services and equipment procurement. The prescription and procurement forms must be entered into the crew member's medical record. Prescription protective eyewear is only indicated when the individual is required to wear safety glasses for a significant portion of their daily work. For intermittent work requiring eye protection, goggles can be worn over regular prescription glasses.

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B5-4 c. Maintenance of Protective Eyewear. Personnel must maintain personal protective eyewear in a clean and fully operational condition. Before re-issue, non-corrective eye protection must be sanitized with hot, soapy water and rinsed of all traces of soap or detergent. Eye protection equipment must then be immersed for 10 minutes in a disinfectant, rinsed, and air-dried. Personnel must immediately report lost or damaged protective eyewear to their work- center supervisor.

5. Temporary Protective Eyewear. Where protective eyewear is necessary, the command must provide safety glasses or goggles to visitors and others who must enter or pass through eye hazardous areas. In addition, the command must provide them to personnel awaiting corrective or protective eyewear.

6. Emergency Eyewash and Deluge Shower Facilities. Emergency eyewash stations are primary first aid for splashes or exposures to corrosive materials. Corrosives may cause severe and progressive damage to the eyes and skin, so immediate, on-site means of washing them from the eyes and skin is vital. Emergency eyewash stations are not normally required in areas where non-corrosive liquids, irritants, metal chips, or debris may contact the eyes, since the damage normally does not progress while the person is transiting to medical attention.

a. General Requirements. The ship must have an adequate number of properly maintained and inspected eyewash facilities, installed in locations with corrosive hazards, and properly posted with signs identifying their locations. Per reference (b), approved emergency eyewash equipment (permanent plumbed or portable) must meet the requirements listed in the following subparagraphs 6a(1) through 6a(13).

(1) Be capable of flushing the eyes with potable water at a minimum flow rate of 0.4 gallons per minute for 15 continuous minutes.

(2) Have a water delivery velocity low enough not to be injurious to the user's eyes. When the valve is properly set, the flow from both nozzles should meet equidistant at the center of the bowl.

(3) Have a one-motion (e.g., paddle or pull strap), stay-open valve, such that when activated the eyewash will remain on to allow the user to hold open their eyelids to facilitate flushing. The valve must remain open without the use of the operator’s hands until intentionally closed.

Note: For MCMs that have faucet mounted eyewash stations in the medical treatment room that require two motions to activate: these eyewash stations are intended for flushing eye treatment for personnel being treated by medical personnel and not intended for use by injured personnel for emergency use. Therefore, the requirement for one motion use does not apply to these eyewash stations.

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B5-5 (4) Be on the same level, unobstructed and easily accessible within 10-second travel of the identified eye hazard.

(5) Be installed such that the travel route to the eyewash is free of trip hazards or overhead strike hazards and positioned in such a way as to pose no hazard to the user (e.g., near electrical fixtures, down a ladder, through a door, near obstructions, in a confined area).

(6) Be positioned with the eyewash nozzle(s) not less than 33 inches or more than 45 inches above the deck, and 6 inches minimum from the nearest wall or obstruction.

(7) Protect eyewash nozzles from airborne contaminants and debris. Whatever means is used to afford such protection (plastic caps, cups, cover), its removal must not require a separate motion by the operator when activating the unit.

(8) Deliver tepid flushing water (60 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit).

(9) Ensure potable water valves to eyewash stations and deluge showers are locked open with a lock-shield key or metal, tamper-proof lanyard and marked as a "W" fitting.

(10) Be positioned with the shower head height not less than 82 inches or more than 96 inches above the deck, and 16 inches minimum from the nearest wall or obstruction.

(11) For shower heads the actuator must be easily accessible no higher than 69 inches above the deck.

(12) Ensure all emergency eyewash and shower equipment is maintained through the planned maintenance system (PMS).

(13) Clearly mark eyewash stations with a green and white eyewash sign. Signs must be either NSN 9905-01-345-4521, an international type or other similar sign. Post signs in a visible location close to the eyewash unit.

b. Eyewash Stations. On surface ships, eyewash stations are typically installed in locations where corrosive materials are used. Eyewash stations must be located in the areas listed below in subparagraphs 6b(1) through 6b(7) and as documented in the baseline and follow-on IH surveys.

(1) Main and auxiliary machinery spaces, battery charging areas. Eyewash station must not be installed in CHT pump rooms.

(2) Medical treatment area does not apply to PC. For MCM, see the above subparagraph 6a(3) note.

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B5-6 (3) Chemical, water testing, and medical laboratories.

(4) Darkrooms and X-ray developing areas, if liquid chemicals are used.

(5) HAZMAT issue and storerooms, if HAZMAT is dispensed. Used HAZMAT collection areas where HAZMAT is consolidated for disposal. Do not put an eyewash unit in a calcium hypochlorite or bromine storeroom.

(6) Paint mixing and issue rooms.

(7) Oil labs. For MCMs the eyewash station is located in the laundry room directly across the passageway from the oil lab. The oil lab door must be latched open while handling oil products.

c. Eyewash Bottles. Approved eyewash bottles are available through the supply system under NSN 4230-01-294-2118. Bottles must be factory sealed to ensure the solution is sterile and have an expiration date or shelf life. Bottles cannot be refilled after the seal is broken. Eyewash bottles must not be used on surface ships. For propulsion plant spaces of nuclear powered submarines, eyewash bottles may be used in lieu of permanent or portable eyewash stations and must be readily available in nucleonics and water chemistry rooms and secondary analysis stations.

d. Combination Shower and Eyewash Station. As specified in reference (c), a combination of emergency shower with eyewash station with drain and stay-open valve must be available in all areas where the eyes and skin of crew members may be exposed to corrosive materials. Corrosives are frequently found in the locations listed below in subparagraphs 6d(1) through 6d(6), and should be evaluated for installation of a combination of emergency shower with eyewash unit:

(1) Battery shop or locker (wet cell testing, electrolyte handling).

Note: Gel-type lead acid batteries that are valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) are maintenance-free and therefore require no access to hazardous electrolytes. Combination shower and eyewash units are not required for charging areas of gel-type VRLA batteries.

(2) Oxygen-nitrogen producer room.

(3) Combat systems areas handling Isopar® fluids.

(4) Rubber and plastic shop.

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B5-7 (5) Composite material repair shop.

(6) Non-destructive test and inspection shops.

e. Portable Eyewash Stations. For those spaces that require an emergency shower, or eyewash, but where potable water and drainage are not feasible, the ship must properly install a self-contained portable eyewash. The portable eyewash unit design must comply with the same criteria for function and installation as listed in subparagraph 6a including the appropriate PMS.

f. Emergency Use. After emergency use of an eyewash station or deluge shower the injured person must be escorted to sick bay to be examined by the MDR.

g. Remotely Located Eyewash Facilities. Permanently plumbed emergency showers and eyewashes, located in remote locations or minimally manned areas must be provided with an audible alarm interlocking with the activation device of the unit. The alarm is intended to alert personnel in a manned area that someone is using an eyewash facility in a remote area and may not have anyone in the immediate vicinity to render aid. The alarm must be located in one of the following appropriate areas: outside the protected area or shop, in the associated enclosed operating station, in a nearby manned space, central control station or in damage control central.

Note: For remotely located eyewash facilities without an audible alarm, observe the two- man rule when eye-hazard operations are performed until the alarm system is installed. A label plate must be placed at eye level in the immediate vicinity of the alarm and must be inscribed:

WARNING

WHEN THE EMERGENCY SHOWER (EYEWASH) IN THE (SHOP OR SPACE LOCATION) HAS BEEN ACTIVATED, PROVIDE IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE TO PERSONNEL AND NOTIFY SICK BAY.

7. Training. The safety officer must conduct training for all newly reporting personnel during indoctrination and annually thereafter. Topics that must be covered in the training program include:

a. types of eye hazard areas and processes;

b. types of eye protection;

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B5-8 c. eyewash location and proper use (particularly personnel working with corrosive materials); and

d. proper action when personnel experience mishaps involving particles or liquids in the eye, or use an eyewash station.

Note: No attempt should be made to remove a particle lodged in the eyeball, or wash an eye that has been cut in any way. Contact the medical department immediately.

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B5-A-1 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 5 APPENDIX B5-A TYPES OF PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR

Appropriate eye and face protection is required in all areas that are designated as eye hazardous. A selection chart for eye and face protection for different work operations, and a welding filter shade protection chart, are shown in tables B5-A-1 and B5-A-2. The following is a short description of the various types of protective eyewear:

a. Safety Glasses and Spectacles. Safety glasses are to be worn in those areas where there is a possibility of flying objects, particulates, or dust entering the eye. Those spectacles with suitable filter lenses are permitted for use with gas welding operations on light work and for inspections. Sun glasses, rated as safety glasses and marked with “Z87,” with side-shields, may be used for outdoor work when sun protection is desired. Note: safety sun glasses are not suitable as ultraviolet protection from welding, cutting, or burning operations.

b. Chemical Goggles. Chemical goggles provide the eyes and eye area with protection from liquids, splashes, mists, vapors, and spray. Goggles may consist of a flexible frame or a rigid frame with a separate, cushioned fitting surface, and are held in place with a supporting band. Chemical goggles with ventilation must be splash resistant (covered vents vice perforations). Vented chemical goggles do not protect eyes against corrosive mists, vapors, gases, or aerosols.

c. Welding Goggles. Welding goggles provide protection against glare and injurious radiation, as well as from flying objects, chips, and metal splashes. Eyecup-type goggles are designed to be worn alone, while cover-type goggles are designed to fit over corrective spectacles. The lens filter of welding goggles is shaded to protect the eyes from ultraviolet, infrared, and visible rays generated by the work operations.

d. Chipping Goggles. Chipping goggles protect the eyes from relatively large flying objects generated by such operations as chipping, lathing, grinding, and chiseling. Eyecup-type goggles may be worn alone, or cover-type goggles may be fitted over corrective spectacles.

e. Welding Helmets. Welding helmets are made up of a bowl-shaped or modified bowl- shaped device equipped with a shade 14 or greater filter. These helmets are designed for use during various kinds of arc welding and heavy gas cutting and provide the welder's eyes, face, ears, and neck with protection against intense radiation and weld spatter.

f. Face Shields. Face shields provide protection to the face and neck from flying particles, liquids, or sprays. Face shields alone do not provide adequate protection against these hazards and must be worn with protective eyewear.

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B5-A-2 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 5 g. Ballistic Eye Protection Devices. Ballistic eye protection devices provide an additional level of protection above that provided by standard safety eyewear for high impact situations. These devices may replace standard safety glasses. Ballistic eye protection devices are classified as either spectacle or goggle systems. Spectacle systems provide enough frame face form for the primary protector to double as side impact protection. Many of these spectacle and goggle systems accept optical inserts for personnel requiring vision correction. These devices and optical inserts should be qualified as a military approved ballistic protective device prior to procurement.

Note: Ballistic eye protection spectacles systems have built-in side impact protection that is part of the primary protector shield.

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B5-A-3 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 5 TABLE B5-A-1 - EYE AND FACE PROTECTION SELECTION C ______________________________________________________________________________ APPLICATIONS ______________________________________________________________________________ OPERATION HAZARDS PROTECTORS ______________________________________________________________________________

Acetylene-Burning Sparks, Harmful Rays, Acetylene-Cutting Molten Metal, 7 Acetylene-Welding Flying Particles

Chemical Handling Splash, Acid Burns 2 (For severe exposure, add 6)

Chipping Flying Particles 1, 3, 4, 5

Electric (Arc) Welding Sparks, Intense Rays, 8 (In combination Molten Metal with 4, 5, in tinted lenses advisable)

Furnace Operations Glare, Heat, Molten Metal 7, 8, (For severe exposure, add 6)

Grinding-Light Flying Particles 1, 2, 3, 4 (For severe exposure, add 6)

Laboratory Chemical Splash, 2 (6 when in Glass Breakage combination with 4)

Machining Flying Particles 1, 2, 3, 4 (For severe exposure, add 6)

Molten Metals Heat, Glare, Sparks 7 (6 in combination with 4)

Spot Welding Flying Particles, Sparks 1, 2, 3, 4, (Tinted lenses advisable, for severe exposure, add 6)

Warfighting, Combat Projectiles, Glare, Wind 10 Training Operations and Dust

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B5-A-4 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 5 Eye and Face Protectors Key:

1 - Goggles, chemical, flexible fitting, non-ventilated (chemical splash proof/vapor proof) 2 - Goggles, chemical, flexible fitting, indirect ventilation (chemical splash proof) 3 - Goggles, impact, flexible fitting, ventilated (do not use for chemical protection) 4 - Safety glasses and spectacles, impact, with side shields (do not use for chemical protection) 5 - Chipping goggles, clear (do not use for chemical protection) 6 - Face shield, industrial, clear (do not use for electrical work) 7 - Welding goggles, various tinted lenses 8 - Welding helmet, various tinted lenses 9 - Flight deck goggles, for air and helicopter operations only (not for industrial processes or chemical protection) 10 - Ballistic protection devices

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B5-A-5 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 5 TABLE B5-A-2 - WELDING FILTER SHADE PROTECTION CHART

SUGGESTED WELDING OPERATION SHADE NUMBER* ____________________________________________________________________

Shielded Metal-Arc Welding, up to 5/32 inch (4 millimeters (mm)) electrodes ...................... 10 Shielded Metal-Arc Welding, 3/16 to 1/4 inch (4.8 to 6.4 mm) electrodes ...................................................................................................... 12 Shielded Metal-Arc Welding, over 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) electrodes ............................................ 14 Gas Metal-Arc Welding (Nonferrous) ...................................................................................... 11 Gas Metal-Arc Welding (Ferrous) ............................................................................................ 12 Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding ...................................................................................................... 12 Atomic Hydrogen Welding ...................................................................................................... 12 Carbon Arc Welding ................................................................................................................. 14 Torch Soldering ................................................................................................................... 2 or 3 Torch Brazing ...................................................................................................................... 3 or 4 Light Cutting, up to 1 inch (25 mm) .................................................................................... 3 or 4 Medium Cutting, 1 to 6 inch (25 to 150 mm) ...................................................................... 4 or 5 Heavy Cutting, over 6 inch (150 mm) ................................................................................. 5 or 6 Gas Welding (Light) up to 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) ..................................................................... 4 or 5 Gas Welding (Medium) 1/8 to 1/2 inch (3.2 to 12.7 mm) ................................................... 5 or 6 Gas Welding (Heavy) over 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) ................................................................... 6 or 8 Fire Watch for any Welding or Cutting Operation ..................................................................... 3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

*The choice of a filter shade may be made on the basis of visual acuity and may therefore vary widely from one individual to another, particularly under different current densities, materials, and welding processes. However, the degree of protection from radiant energy afforded by the filter plate or lens when chosen to allow visual acuity will still remain in excess of the needs of eye filter protection. Filter plate shades as low as shade eight have proven suitably radiation-absorbent for protection from the arc- welding processes.

NOTES:

1. In gas welding or oxygen cutting where the torch produces a high yellow light, it is desirable to use a filter lens that absorbs the yellow or sodium line in the visible light of the operation (spectrum).

2. Automatic darkening welding helmets and shields can be used as long as they meet ANSI Z87.1 requirements, are marked as ANSI approved, and will darken to the shade required for the type of welding being done.

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B10-1 SECTION B

CHAPTER 10

LEAD CONTROL

Ref: (a) NMCPHC TM OM-6260, Medical Surveillance Procedures Manual and Medical Matrix (b) DoD 6055.05-M, Occupational Medical Examinations and Surveillance Manual, 2 May 2007 (c) 29 CFR 1910.1025, Lead

1. Discussion

a. The Navy has established strict controls to limit both occupational and environmental exposures to shipboard personnel. Lead may adversely affect the peripheral and central nervous systems, as well as the red blood cells, kidneys, reproductive and endocrine systems. The standards and controls discussed in this chapter are provided to prevent lead intoxication and related injuries during the use, handling, removal and melting of materials containing lead.

b. In this chapter, “lead” means metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps. Lead's low melting point, high molecular weight, high density and malleability make it a useful structural material. When added to resins, grease, or rubber, lead compounds act as antioxidants. Common uses for lead and lead compounds include ballast, radiation shielding, rubber and pipe joints, small arms ammunition, batteries, weights and paint. The Navy has made a significant effort to reduce the amount of lead found in paint so as to reduce the potential for lead exposures. While not an absolute or all inclusive indicator, red, forest green, chrome yellow, and "school bus" yellow color paints typically contain lead compounds. All painted surfaces, that cannot be identified as lead-free through laboratory analysis or by documentation that only lead-free paints have been used, must be handled as though containing lead.

2. Responsibilities

a. Commanding Officers

(1) Only authorize paint removal to protect the ship from corrosion, when incidental to hot work, and when bare metal is required for an inspection, not for cosmetic reasons.

(2) Ensure sufficient funds are available for protective clothing and equipment to protect ship personnel during lead work.

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B10-2 b. Safety Officer

(1) Verify that the proper clothing and equipment is onboard to protect personnel during lead work.

(2) If specified in the baseline or periodic IH survey, ensure a written compliance plan to comply with lead control requirements is available, implemented and updated as required by paragraph 6.

(3) Ensure lead hazard training is conducted per paragraph 7 for all personnel identified in the baseline or periodic IH survey as potentially exposed to lead at or above the action level (AL). Refer to the latest periodic IH survey for information on employee exposure to lead hazards. “Action level" means employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, to an airborne concentration of lead of 30 micrograms per cubic meter (30 ug/m 3) of air averaged over an 8-hour period.

(4) Request IH assistance to have suspected lead containing material (i.e., paint) tested prior to work being done to see if the material contains lead.

(5) Ensure that the lead safety program is evaluated at least annually if applicable. Chapter A3 contains information on conducting self-assessment evaluations.

c. Division Officers

(1) Ensure that personnel required to perform work involving lead exposure are provided with proper clothing and equipment.

(2) Ensure that personnel who work with lead or who work in areas where the potential exists for lead exposure at or above the AL as identified in the IH survey are trained per paragraph 7.

(3) Identify to the MDR, personnel who work with lead or who work in areas where the potential exists for lead exposure at or above the AL.

d. MDR

(1) Assist the safety officer with conducting lead hazard training upon request.

(2) Implement a medical surveillance program, if required, as outlined in paragraph 5.

(3) Schedule personnel for blood lead analysis and physical examinations at shore medical activities as required for medical surveillance in reference (a).

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B10-3 (4) Within 5 working days after the receipt of exposure monitoring results, the MDR must notify affected personnel in writing of results that represent their exposure. Whenever the results indicate that the individual was exposed above the PEL, without regard to respirator use, the written statement must include that fact and a description of the corrective action(s) taken to reduce the individual’s exposure.

e. All Hands

(1) Attend training per paragraph 7 for personnel informed by their division officer as having the potential for being exposed to lead at or above the AL.

(2) Wear the appropriate protective equipment and use safe work practices if performing work that has been identified in the IH survey as being at or exceeding the AL for lead.

(3) Report for medical surveillance tests and examinations when scheduled.

3. IH Survey

a. An IH must evaluate all workplaces in which lead is used. This evaluation must be accomplished during the baseline and periodic IH surveys specified per chapter A3. Where a potential for exposure from inhalation of airborne lead particulate or personnel contamination is found, the IH must establish an exposure monitoring plan to characterize personnel exposures. When a written lead hazard compliance plan is required, provide the exposure assessment data to the safety officer per paragraph 6.

(1) PEL. The PEL for an 8-hour TWA exposure to airborne lead is 50 ug/m3 of air (without regard to respirator use).

(2) AL. The AL for an 8-hour TWA exposure to airborne lead is 30 ug/m3 (without regard to respirator use).

(3) Biological Monitoring and Medical Surveillance. Must be initiated when an employee’s exposure exceeds the AL for more than 30 days per year.

b. If the safety officer or any supervisor has a question regarding the potential lead hazards and appropriate controls involving an operation which includes or potentially includes lead, the safety officer must request IH officer assistance from a tender, CVN, staff or local MTF or NAVENPVNTMEDU.

4. Control of Lead in the Workplace Environment

a. There are seven basic principles to be used when working with lead or materials that contain lead.

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B10-4 (1) General Workplace Control Practices

(a) Use non-lead paint.

(b) Keep mechanical grinding and sanding to the absolute minimum with primary reliance on impact tools and authorized chemical strippers for paint removal. Mechanical tools equipped with HEPA filtered exhaust for removal and reclamation of lead dust are preferred.

(c) When feasible, minimize the heating of lead and leaded materials by using thermostatically-controlled heating (below 600 degrees Fahrenheit) or removing the lead- containing surface coatings or contaminants prior to heating.

(d) Establish procedures to maintain work surfaces as free of lead dust as is practical. Clean up lead dust with a HEPA filtered vacuum cleaner. Wet sweeping, wet brushing, and wiping down with wet rags may be effective in removing lead dust. Rags used for wiping down must be disposed of as lead waste.

(e) Lead-containing waste, scrap, debris, containers, equipment and clothing consigned for disposal must be collected, sealed, and labeled in impermeable containers. Transportation must be conducted in a manner that does not release airborne dust or pollute surrounding waterways. Dispose of lead waste per the procedures of chapter B3.

(f) To minimize exposure potential, isolate hot work on lead and abrasive lead removal operations from other operations.

(2) Ventilation

(a) If deemed necessary by the cognizant IH, provide fixed local exhaust ventilation connected to high efficiency particulate air filters at the point of particulate generation.

(b) Do not exhaust emissions to another workspace (see chapter A4, subparagraph 3b(2) note).

(3) Personal Protective Clothing and Related Control Facilities

(a) Personnel engaged in the handling of lead or in situations where the concentration of airborne particulate lead is likely to exceed the PEL, or where the possibility of skin or eye irritation exists must remove uniform clothing and wear protective clothing. Consult the command’s IH officer, IH survey, or contact the local BUMED IH for specific clothing requirements. Clothing must be waterproof when wet lead is handled.

(b) Personnel must remove protective clothing before leaving the work area.

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B11-1 SECTION B

CHAPTER 11

TAG-OUT

Ref: (a) NAVSEA S0400-AD-URM-010, Tag-Out User’s Manual (TUM)

1. Discussion

a. A tag-out procedure is necessary because of the complexity of modern ships and the cost, delays, and hazards to personnel which could result from improper operation of equipment or the inadvertent release of stored energy. In order to prevent injury to personnel and damage to equipment, the tag-out program is mandatory for all-shipboard equipment, components, and systems. The program is designed to notify personnel that tagged out equipment or systems are not in a normal operating condition. Each tag contains information necessary to avoid a possible mishap. Standard tag-out procedures are to be used for shipboard work performed by any activity. Tag-out procedures must be enforced at all times. The use of tags or labels is not a substitute for other safety measures such as chaining or locking valves, removing fuses, or racking out circuit breakers. If any system, portion of a system, component, equipment, or instrument has more than one type of tag or sticker, the danger (red) tag, when present, must take precedence over all other tags or stickers.

b. Reference (a) is the primary document for detailed program and technical guidance regarding the tag-out.

2. Responsibilities

a. Commanding Officer. Establish a comprehensive tag-out program and ensure that all personnel comply with the program requirements in reference (a).

b. Safety Officer. Ensure that the tag-out program is evaluated at least annually. Chapter A3 contains information on conducting self-assessment evaluations.

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B12-1 SECTION B

CHAPTER 12

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Ref: (a) NSTM 077 (b) The Naval Safety Center’s Shipboard Safety Equipment Shopping Guide, Jan 2012 (c) Navy Chemical Protective Glove Selection Matrix, Mar 2012 (d) NSTM 555, Volume 1 (e) MCO 1020.34H, Marine Corps Uniform Regulations

1. Discussion

a. This chapter provides procedures for provision and use of PPE. Chapters B1, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, and B10 contain more detailed instructions for approval, use, and maintenance of certain specialized equipment. See reference (a) for additional information on PPE. Reference (b) contains stock number information for ordering PPE. Organizations should check the naval supply system for most current stock and ordering information.

b. PPE establishes a "last line of defense" against exposure to workplace hazards, and in some cases, may be the only means of protection. Any PPE breakdown, failure, or misuse immediately exposes the wearer to the hazard. For this reason, proper equipment selection and maintenance, personnel training (including equipment limitations), and enforcement of protective equipment maintenance, configuration, and use are key elements to an effective personal protective effort.

Note: Preparation for any availability should include careful assessment of PPE needs over the entire period to ensure an adequate supply.

2. Responsibilities

a. Commanding Officer. Ensure that there is sufficient PPE aboard to meet the needs of his or her command. The commanding officer must ensure that adequate funding is provided to obtain or replace missing or worn out PPE.

b. Safety Officer. Ensure that the use of PPE is monitored for required work or in required spaces, as well as being worn in a proper and effective manner. PPE selection must be based on the workplace evaluation and recommendations contained in the applicable sections of the baseline or periodic IH survey, NSTM, HMUG, and MRCs.

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B12-2 c. Division Officers. Budget for, procure, and stock personal protective clothing and equipment and provide it to personnel as needed. Division officers must review relative allowance parts lists, AELs, and coordinated shipboard and shore-based allowance lists to ensure they accurately reflect PPE requirements, and where deficiencies, inaccuracies, or surpluses are identified, coordinate with the supply officer to submit recommended changes. Division officers must ensure that PPE is properly maintained and must monitor and enforce proper wearing and use. Additionally, division officers must ensure that assigned personnel are adequately trained per paragraph 4.

d. Supervisors. Monitor and enforce the proper use and wearing of protective equipment.

e. All Hands. Ensure that they wear or use the required PPE to perform assigned work in a proper manner. If the required PPE is not available to do the assigned work, or if instruction is needed on how to wear or use the equipment, the affected person must notify his or her supervisor immediately.

3. Protective Equipment

a. Head Protection. Helmets or hard hats protect crew members from the impact of falling and flying objects, from impact with low overheads, and on a limited basis, from electric shock and burn.

(1) Metal hard hats are not authorized for shipboard use.

(2) Stow helmets or hard hats in a manner so that cracks will not develop in hat material. Do not stow heavy materials on top of hard hats.

(3) Do not wear hard hats if cracked, if the hat material has a hole other than one caused by the manufacturer, if missing the suspension harness, or if painted. Such hard hats must be turned in and replaced.

(4) Do not drill any holes in hard hats or modify them in any way. Such action will greatly reduce the protective capability of the headwear. Affixing decals on protective headwear is permitted.

(5) Protective headwear for cold weather (watch caps, stocking caps, ball caps, etc.) may be worn with the hard hat if it does not interfere with correct fit.

b. Foot Protection. Shipboard environments such as flight decks, hangar decks, machine shops, pipe shops, heavy supply parts stowage areas, replenishment areas, and rigging sponsons expose personnel in some degree to foot hazards. Only shipboard approved Navy footwear will be worn.

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B12-3 (1) Leather steel toed shoes are required for all personnel aboard ship for normal daily wear. CORFAM® (poromeric or equivalent) shoes or those made with plastic or vinyl outer material may only be worn when immediately departing or returning to the ship or when specifically authorized by the commanding officer for ceremonial or other special occasions. Do not wear CORFAM ® (or equivalent) shoes or those made with plastic or vinyl outer material in main machinery spaces, or in hot work areas.

(2) Standard stock safety shoes, with built-in steel box toe protection are intended primarily to provide protection from falling and rolling objects. Enlisted personnel are issued safety shoes at recruit training commands. Officers must be provided standard stock safety shoes when required by their work. Safety shoes should be periodically examined for worn soles and heels that would reduce the non-skid features of the shoe. Safety shoes must be replaced when the upper leather is worn or develops cracks exposing the toe protection or the foot. When safety shoes exhibit wear such that safety protection is no longer afforded, the command must provide standard stock safety shoes as organizational clothing (similar to coveralls or foul weather gear). Any safety footwear may be compromised after a severe impact or compression of the toe cap. Safety shoes must be replaced if the toe cap is compromised or when the upper leather is worn or develops cracks exposing the toe cap or the foot.

(3) Special safety shoes.

(a) Semi-conductive safety shoes are used to dissipate static electricity.

(b) Safety shoes or boots with rubber or synthetic material are used for protection against acids, caustics and other liquid chemical hazards. They may or may not have toe protection.

(c) Molders boots (slip on), with toe protection, should be provided to welders to provide easy removal in case hot slag or metal drops in or on the boot.

(d) Protective shoes must be stowed in a dry atmosphere. Where practical, they must be stowed upright, allowing the insides to dry out.

c. Hand Protection. Hand hazardous operations include handling sharp or abrasive objects, working with chemicals, power tools or electrical equipment, working in the vicinity of hot or cold objects or liquids, and hot work. Guidance is provided in the following subparagraphs 3c(1) through 3c(10).

(1) When handling sharp materials, such as sheet metal, wear leather gloves. Also wear leather gloves over electrical grade rubber gloves whenever the rubber gloves could be subjected to cutting by sharp or abrasive objects.

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B12-4 (2) Whenever it is necessary to work with portable electric tools or equipment in damp locations or when it is necessary to work on live electrical circuits or equipment, wear electrical grade insulating rubber gloves rated for the voltage. Leather protectors must be worn over rubber insulating gloves.

(3) Stow rubber electrical insulating gloves in the original box or equivalent container. Perform the appropriate planned maintenance on the gloves prior to stowage. Stow all rubber electrical safety protection equipment in a clean, dry, oil-free location. Care should be taken not to fold rubber insulating equipment as this will frequently result in cracks that will greatly reduce the insulating capability of the material.

(4) Do not use electrical insulating gloves or leather protectors for non-electrical work such as: mechanical work, general cleaning with cleansers, work involving solvents, work with petroleum based products such as oil and grease, work involving alkali material, or work involving acids. Cleaning products, petroleum based products, acids and alkalis will degrade the insulating properties of the gloves making them unsafe for electrical work.

(5) Wear only gloves approved to handle acids, corrosives, solvents, and other industrial chemicals when required. The safety officer or HAZMAT coordinator must assist supervisors in the selection of gloves to protect against chemical hazards. Surgical, clear plastic, latex, or food- handler type gloves are not approved for use with HAZMATs.

(6) When it is necessary to handle hot items or perform hot work, even if tongs or other gripping and clamping tools are available, wear non-asbestos, insulated gloves.

(7) Wear Kevlar® or boning gloves when handling knives in food service situations.

(8) Do not wear gloves when operating machinery with rotating or moving parts or line handling when the gloves could be caught in the bite.

(9) Deck personnel must be provided with leather gloves to protect against hand injury when handling sharp objects including wire rope or banding material.

(10) Reference (c) provides information on proper glove selection.

d. Safety Clothing. Special clothing may consist of flame resistant coveralls, disposable coveralls, impervious chemical spill coveralls, welding leathers, arc-rated clothing and chemical aprons. These items may be specified as required by technical manuals or standard work practices. Non-flame resistant fabrics (e.g., service khaki, navy service uniform, etc.) are not authorized for wear on surface ships while underway, except as noted in subparagraphs 3d(1) through 3d(3). Leather clothing, such as welding leathers, should be stored in a clean, dry atmosphere. Additional information on firefighting clothing is contained in references (b) and (d).

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B12-5 (1) Flame Retardant Coveralls

(a) The flame resistant variant (FRV) coverall is a flame retardant treated 100 percent cotton fabric. Currently, the FRV coverall will be issued to all shipboard personnel as organizational clothing. The FRV is required to be worn by all surface ship and carrier personnel while underway (i.e., from stationing and securing sea and anchor detail and maneuvering watch when leaving and entering port, respectively) except as noted in subparagraphs 3d(1)(b) and 3d(1)(c).

(b) Submarine personnel must wear Navy FRV coveralls. In nuclear propulsion spaces, sleeves must be rolled down when on watch or when performing maintenance in machinery spaces where steam is circulating in piping systems or a diesel engine is in operation.

(c) U.S. Marine Corps personnel that are part of ship’s company are not required to wear FRV coveralls. Additional guidance for U.S. Marine Corps personnel is contained in reference (e).

(d) Personnel (riders) getting underway but not part of ship’s company (e.g., inspectors, training personnel, civilian technical representatives, other Government civilian personnel) are not required to wear FRV coveralls.

(2) Navy Working Uniform

(a) Underway, the Navy working uniform is only authorized for wear during special events such as manning the rails, change of command, or receptions held at anchor.

(b) In port, the Navy working uniform is the main working uniform but it is not flame resistant and cannot be worn when fighting a fire. However, the urgency for immediate response demanded by a shipboard fire requires that a sailor wearing the Navy working uniform be prepared to attack a newly discovered fire in order to extinguish the fire or prevent fire spread. In other words, the initial response can be in the Navy working uniform, as the intent for initial response is to immediately take action to extinguish the fire or set boundaries and contain the fire until relieved by a properly equipped fire party.

(3) Physical Training Uniform

(a) The physical training uniform is designed primarily for group and unit physical training activities and the semi-annual physical fitness assessment; however, it can be worn underway for fitness and leisure, unless determined otherwise by the commanding officer.

(b) The physical training uniform is not flame retardant or resistant and cannot be worn when fighting a fire.

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B12-6 e. Personal Flotation Devices. Whenever personnel, other than aircrew members and flight deck personnel, are required to wear life preservers in open sea operations, the life preservers must be inherently buoyant. Those jacket-type life preservers are used by personnel in exposed battle stations, when working over the side, topside in heavy weather, during replenishment at sea, in small boats (including lowing and raising) and other evolutions when personnel can be carried over the side. Thoroughly dry life preservers prior to stowage. Following drying, stow them in designated clean and dry locations.

4. Training. Personnel who use PPE must be trained on the proper use, maintenance, and storage of PPE required for their jobs.

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B13-1 SECTION B

CHAPTER 13

FALL PROTECTION

Ref: (a) OPNAVINST 3500.39D, Operational Risk Management (b) Department of the Navy Fall Protection Guide, May 2015, (c) OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping Manual (d) NSTM, Chapter 600, Volume 3, Hull Outfitting Equipment (e) NAVSUP 538, Management of Materials Handling Equipment (MHE) and Shipboard Mobile Support Equipment (SMSE) (f) NSTM, Chapter 077, Personal Protective Equipment

1. Discussion

a. This chapter provides requirements to establish and manage a comprehensive fall protection program for afloat Navy activities, which have personnel exposed to falls from heights. The goal of the fall protection program is to prevent injuries and fatalities when personnel working at heights are exposed to fall hazards on Navy vessels. A managed fall protection program must be in writing and approved by the TYCOMs, ISICs, or unit level, depending on the scope, resources and expertise required as determined by the TYCOMs. Program development, management and implementation will require supporting resources from sponsors, NAVSAFECEN, and fleet commanders to include training.

b. There is no safe distance from an unprotected side or edge of a deck or platform. There is no minimum time duration that allows exclusion of fall protection requirements (e.g., if a 2- minute job requires 15 minutes to establish fall protection). Fall-related mishaps are generally complex events frequently involving many factors. Consequently, the requirements for risk management for fall protection must be incorporated into:

(1) planning, reviews, and execution of work operations and procedures;

(2) job hazard analyses;

(3) SOPs;

(4) equipment selection and maintenance; and

(5) training.

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B13-2 c. Commands at all levels have a duty to anticipate the need for personnel to work at heights and plan work accordingly. This means effective mishap prevention and rescue procedures must be incorporated into all job planning process. All commands must identify fall hazards by performing a fall hazard survey and assessment on each work process and utilize risk management principles to identify hazards, determine the level of risk they present to personnel or equipment, and to develop controls to minimize those risks. A thorough risk management assessment must include an evaluation of potential fall hazards per reference (a). Implementing activities may use reference (b) as a supplement to its comprehensive fall protection program.

2. Responsibilities

a. Implementing activities must delineate duties and assign responsibilities in the implementation of a managed fall protection program. The activities must ensure that ship’s company personnel, in company with TYCOM and other resources, have the necessary skills, knowledge, training, and expertise to manage, administer, implement and monitor the fall protection program. Depending upon the activity size and mission, the personnel who manage, administer, implement and monitor the fall protection program may either be assigned full-time or part-time (i.e., collateral duty). TYCOMs may also assign personnel to manage and implement the program across multiple units or ISICs. Personnel assigned to the fall protection program must have the following qualifications and responsibilities:

(1) The Fall Protection Program Manager (FPPM). An FPPM is a person designated in writing by the command who is responsible for the development and implementation of the program. The FPPM must ensure that shipboard personnel exposed to fall hazards, and other personnel involved in managing the program, receive adequate training as outlined in this chapter.

Note: The FPPM position need not be an exclusive title designation. With adequate education, training, and experience, the same person may also function as a competent person.

(2) Competent Person for Fall Protection. A person, who through training knowledge and expertise, is capable of identifying hazardous or dangerous conditions in personal fall arrest systems or components, and in using the right equipment, and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate or control the hazards of falling. This person must be designated in writing by the command to be responsible for immediate supervision, implementation, and monitoring of the fall protection program. The competent person will identify, evaluate, and address existing and potential fall hazards; and are knowledgeable in the application and use of personal fall protection and rescue systems and equipment. The competent person is the frontline when it comes to delivering the training and refresher training, and monitoring how end-users are using fall protection equipment.

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B13-3 (3) Qualified Person for Fall Protection. A person with a recognized engineering degree or professional certificate and with extensive knowledge, training, and experience in the field of fall protection who is capable of designing, analyzing, evaluating, and specifying fall protection systems and rescue systems and equipment. This person may serve as the expert for multiple units or types of units as determined by the TYCOM.

(4) End-User of Fall Protection (Authorized Person). A person who has been trained in the use of assigned fall protection equipment in a typical fall hazard situation, including hands- on training and practical demonstration and using personal fall protection equipment (including fall arrest, fall restraint, or fall positioning) while performing work assignments at heights. A competent person at the unit, level who has the knowledge, expertise, and education to deliver the training must train end-users.

b. The Commander or Commanding Officer of Embarked Personnel for Inspections, Certifications, Assessments, and Visits (ICAV)

(1) Establish and implement a fall protection program, which includes the following in subparagraphs 2b(1)(a) through 2b(1)(h).

(a) Assigning responsibilities.

(b) Surveying and assessing fall hazards.

(c) Providing prevention and control measures including the development of site specific fall protection and prevention plan. The ICAV competent person can adopt the requirements of the ships site specific fall protection plan if the area where their personnel are working at heights has been included in the ships specific fall protection plan.

Note: The site specific fall protection plan should be developed by the competent person associated with whoever is making a visit to the ship. The ICAV competent person can utilize the ships site specific fall protection if they are going to be working at heights in an area that is already covered under that plan (i.e. going aloft on the mast). However, if the entity making the visit to the ship is working at heights in an area that has not been included in the ships specific fall protection plan they are obligated to evaluate the area to be worked and develop that plan.

(d) Training of personnel.

(e) Inspecting equipment.

(f) Auditing and evaluation.

(g) Proper installation and use of fall protection systems and equipment.

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B13-4 (h) Availability of rescue equipment with accompanying rescue procedures.

(2) Designate in writing an FPPM, E-7 or above, who is responsible for administering the fall protection program.

c. Commanding Officer of a Naval Vessel

(1) Establish and implement a fall protection program, which includes the below in subparagraphs 2c(1)(a) through 2c(1)(h).

(a) Assigning responsibilities.

(b) Surveying and assessing fall hazards.

(c) Providing prevention and control measures.

(d) Training.

(e) Inspecting equipment.

(f) Auditing and evaluation.

(g) Proper installation and use of fall protection systems.

(h) Availability of rescue equipment with accompanying rescue procedures.

(2) With the exception of shipyard personnel during an availability, provide fall protection to embarked Navy civilians and military personnel exposed to fall hazards on any elevated walking working surface with unprotected sides, edges, or floor openings, from which there is a possibility of falling 5 feet or more to a lower level; or, where there is a possibility of a fall from any height onto dangerous equipment, into a hazardous environment, or onto an impalement hazard. Ensure contractors do not use Government-owned fall protection equipment unless it is stated in the contract and ensure that Navy civilian and military personnel will not use contractor-owned fall protection equipment.

(3) Designate in writing an FPPM, E-7 or above, who is responsible for administering the fall protection program.

(4) Waive, in writing, fall protection requirements if, in his or her assessment, the required use of fall arrest equipment places the end-user in a potentially unsafe situation. This waiver will only be granted under the strictest of circumstances and after conducting and documenting a thorough risk assessment utilizing risk management principles of the work operation.

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B13-5 d. FPPM

(1) Develop, implement, and manage the fall protection program per requirements of this chapter.

(2) Maintain a fall protection program instruction that addresses additional supplementary requirements that are beyond the fall protection policy detailed in this manual, and include personal fall protection equipment issue points and other special conditions.

(3) Ensure a site-specific shipboard rescue plan, as an appendix to the instruction, is in place for any locations that may require rescue (see paragraph 5). The fall protection instruction must address working over the side, working aloft, and interior and deck areas of a ship (e.g., enclosed masts, hanger bays, well decks, vehicle storage decks, ramps, vertical trunks, elevator trunks, dumbwaiter trunks, package conveyor trunks, void spaces, and ballast tanks) with unprotected sides, edges, and openings from which there is a possibility of:

(a) a fall from 5 feet or more to a lower level, or

(b) a fall from any height onto dangerous equipment, into a hazardous environment, or onto an impalement hazard.

(4) Ensure FPPM training is completed per paragraph 7.

(5) Ensure that the safety officer, competent person, fall protection safety observers, supervisors of end-users, and end-users of fall protection receive training per paragraph 7.

(6) Use risk management principles to assess fall hazards and take prompt corrective measures to eliminate or control the hazards.

(7) Ensure that all personal fall protection equipment impacted by a fall is immediately removed from service and held for mishap or near mishap investigation per reference (c). Personal fall protection equipment refers to fall arrest restraint and positioning equipment.

(8) Ensure that only NAVSEASYSCOM-authorized personal fall protection equipment is onboard, and that it is inspected, stowed, maintained, and issued per paragraph 4.

(9) Conduct a self-assessment evaluation of the fall protection program at least annually. Chapter A3 contains information on conducting self-assessment evaluations.

(10) Ensure that when an end-user of fall protection equipment is working over the side or working aloft that a fall protection safety observer is assigned to oversee the evolution.

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B13-6 (11) Ensure that all fall protection equipment logs, working aloft and over the side chits, audits, etc. are maintained for 5 years and audited annually per reference (b).

(12) Ensure that only approved anchor points are used when tied off. For ships without approved anchor points, a competent person must designate tie-off points.

e. Division Officers. Ensure that personnel exposed to fall hazards are qualified in the use of and provided with proper PPE as specified by the competent person.

f. Safety Officer

(1) Complete training requirements as required by paragraph 7.

(2) Ensure that all injuries from falls and near misses are reported per reference (c).

(3) Assist the FPPM in identifying fall hazards and taking prompt corrective measures to eliminate or control the hazards.

(4) Ensure that the FPPM conducts a self-assessment of the fall protection program at least annually. Chapter A3 contains information on conducting self-assessment evaluations.

g. Fall Protection Safety Observers

(1) Complete training requirements, as required by paragraph 7.

(2) Have no other duties assigned in the work operation.

(3) Keep unnecessary personnel from decks above the work area, over the side, or beneath the work area being done afloat.

(4) Keep in visual contact with all personnel working aloft, or over the side, in the respective area or zone assigned.

(5) Ensure that any fall injury and any near miss is reported to both the FPPM and the safety officer.

(6) Ensure that the OOD is immediately notified in the event of any fall injury or near miss.

(7) Wear the same personal fall protection equipment as the personnel working aloft or over the side, including a hard hat.

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B13-7 h. Supervisors of End-users

(1) Ensure that end-users are permitted to attend and participate in fall protection training, as required.

(2) Complete training requirements, as required by paragraph 7.

i. End-users of Fall Protection

(1) Complete training requirements before using the equipment, as required by paragraph 7.

(2) Use only NAVSEASYSCOM-authorized personal fall arrest or fall restraint, fall positioning equipment or systems when exposed to fall hazards in performance of their duties.

(3) Ensure that all injuries from falls and near misses are reported to both the FPPM and the safety officer.

3. Fall-Hazard Identification, Prevention, and Control Measures

a. “Fall hazard” must be defined as the exposure of a person to a fall from 5 feet or more to a lower level; or, where there is a possibility of a fall from any height onto dangerous equipment, or onto an impalement hazard.

b. All commands must maintain a fall hazard survey and assessment and prepare survey report that identifies potential fall hazards and utilizes risk management principles to determine the level of risk they present to personnel or equipment.

c. All commands must develop additional controls where required to minimize the risks of fall hazards.

d. Since many areas on the exterior of a ship are inaccessible to personnel from the deck or built-in work platforms, it becomes necessary to work at heights, or “over the side,” to reach these areas.

(1) For submarines, this must be defined as either work on, or within, the sail, not to include the bridge or bridge trunk.

(2) “Over the side” must be defined as anywhere outboard of the lifeline system, to include inside flooded well decks. If the hazard of a fall over water exists, a personal floatation device is required. For submarines, it also includes: aft of aft-most safety stanchion; forward of

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B13-8 the foremost safety stanchion; or outboard a plane that runs parallel to the stanchion boundary, if safety lines are removed for other reasons. Procedures for working over the side are contained in chapter C8.

e. The use of NAVSEASYSCOM-approved personal fall protection equipment is required for ship personnel exposed to fall hazards in the following conditions per subparagraphs 3e(1) through 3e(5).

(1) On any interior or exterior walking or working surface with unprotected sides, edges, or openings that is elevated 5 feet or more.

(2) In any embarked vessels or atop embarked equipment.

(3) When the risk of falling over the side, including working in the vicinity of an unprotected deck edge, exists. “Vicinity of deck edge” is considered to be within 3 feet of the deck edge when guardlines, lifelines, or liferails are removed; or, if personnel are elevated near the deck edge such as using a step ladder where personnel climb higher than the middle lifeline or liferail. If the hazard of a fall over water exists, a personal flotation device is required.

(4) When working outside the boundaries of the installed guardlines, lifelines, or liferails.

(5) When the ship is in drydock. Personal flotation devices are not required to be worn over the side in dry docks with no water. Personnel working over the side in a dry dock will normally be in a man basket and tied off using a full-body harness and energy absorbing lanyard (safety lanyard) attached to an anchorage. Drydock procedures are contained in chapter C8.

f. Fall protection systems. Only NAVSEASYSCOM-authorized fall protection equipment (to include fall arrest, restraint, and positioning) must be used by uniformed personnel.

(1) Fall Arrest System. A system used to arrest a person in a fall, preventing them from contacting a lower level or object. Fall arrest system consists of an anchorage system, connecting means (i.e., energy absorbing lanyard (safety lanyard), self-retracting device, or fall arrestor) and a full-body harness.

(2) Restraint System. A combination of devices designed to restrain an end-user from reaching an exposed fall hazard. The system consists of a full-body harness that can be secured around a worker and attached by a lanyard to a load-bearing anchorage in order to restrict travel and limit fall hazards.

(3) Positioning System. A combination of equipment, including a full-body harness rigged to allow the end-user to work with both hands free while being supported on an elevated

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B13-9 vertical or inclined work surface. Positioning system consists of a full body harness attached to and anchorage using a short lanyard.

g. Prevention and passive fall protection systems

(1) Lifelines, Liferails, and Guardlines

(a) Lifelines and liferails must be installed parallel to the deck in the locations specified in the following subparagraphs 3g(1)(a)1 through3 g(1)(a)4.

1. Along deck edges and walkways.

2. Around open hatches and elevator openings.

3. In flight decks and on antenna platforms at a height required by reference (c).

4. Along other boundaries wherever there is danger of personnel falling overboard, falling to lower levels in the ship, or falling on hazardous operating machinery or equipment. Additional information concerning lifelines, liferails, and guardlines is contained in references (b) and (d).

(b) Lifelines are removable safety barriers rigged along deck edges and deck openings and in areas from which all obstructions must be readily removable for action, exercises, or operations. Lifelines must be made and tested in compliance with NAVSEASYSCOM drawings 804-5184155 and 804-5959308.

(c) Liferails are a rigid barrier, usually permanently fixed, but can be hinged or portable, and are installed along deck edges or platforms. Liferail systems must be made in compliance with NAVSEASYSCOM drawing 804-5184155.

(d) Guard and access lines are rope or chain systems for ready access openings through lifelines or liferails. Access openings in such locations as accommodation ladders, hatch openings, and other deck openings used for egress and ingress must be fitted with short lengths of guard line assemblies. The number and courses of rope or chain must be the same in number and height from the deck as the adjacent courses of liferails or lifelines.

(2) Safety Net Systems. Safety nets are used at the deck edge, or when working over the side, to prevent falling to a lower level. Information concerning flight deck and access trunk safety nets is found in chapter C8 and reference (d).

(3) Submarine Safety Track and Safety Line System. A system designed to restrain a person from the hazards of a fall from the deck of a submarine.

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B13-10 (4) Submarine Float Lines. Float lines are rigged around a moored submarine’s waterline in such a manner as to ensure that a conscious person falling overboard who is not incapacitated (e.g., injury, stroke, or heart attack), can grasp the floating line and stay afloat. Information concerning float lines is found in COMSUBLANT/COMSUBPACINST 5400.49, The Submarine Organization and Regulations Manual (SORM).

(5) Fixed Rail Ladder Climbing Systems (formally climber safety rail). A device or climbing sleeve connected to the front D-ring on the climber’s full-body harness that slides up or down on the fixed rail ladder climbing device. If a fall occurs, the device is designed to lock by inertia or cam action to arrest the fall. Fixed rail ladder climbing devices must permit the individual to ascend or descend without continually having to hold, push, or pull any part of the device, leaving both hands free for climbing. The fixed rail ladder climbing systems is used at selected permanently installed topside fixed vertical ladders where a fall hazard exists such as the mast, kingpost, and other topside structures providing access to a fall-hazardous location where a full-body harness is to be worn. The fixed rail ladder climbing systems must be installed in compliance with NAVSEASYSCOM drawing 804-4563125. The extension rail for the fixed rail ladder climbing systems attaches to the top of the rail so the worker can reach the deck without disconnecting. It also permits the worker to rotate 360 degrees to a safe area. Fixed rail ladder climbing device and sleeves must be inspected, cleaned, and lubricated in compliance with applicable MRCs. See reference (d) for additional requirements on fixed rail ladder climbing systems requirements.

(6) Accommodation Ladders, Brows, Inclined Ladders, Pilot’s Ladders, Jacob’s Ladders, Side Ladders, and Embarkation Ladders. Requirements for maintenance, inspection, testing, and repair for all equipment is covered in reference (d). Ensure that pilot and accommodation ladders are rigged per NAVSEASYSCOM and ship’s drawings. Additional guidance is contained in reference (d).

(7) Firefighter Ladder Safety System (LSS) (On DDGs, CGs, LPD 17s, LHDs, and LSDs)

(a) The firefighter LSS provides continuous fall protection for firefighters when climbing or descending machinery space access trunk ladders during vertical entry firefighting, or during training exercises. The equipment components are installed on existing ladder rungs in main and auxiliary machinery space access trunks.

(b) The firefighter LSS consists of a rigid rail bolted to the trunk ladder; and a carrier sleeve which slides along the rail, connects the user to the rail, and grips the rail if the user slips. A waist belt is worn by the user which connects to the carrier sleeve and a removable rail extension for closure of access trunk hatches (see AEL 2-930095002). The firefighter LSS complies with both OSHA and American National Standards Institute standards for an LSS.

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B13-11 (8) Self-Retracting Lanyard and Lifeline (On LPD 17s). A device that contains a drum- wound line that automatically locks at the onset of a fall to arrest the user; but that pays out from, and automatically retracts into, the drum during normal movement of the person to whom the line is attached. Self-retracting lifelines must only be used in vertical applications where the anchorage is located above the dorsal D-ring of the full body harness. See reference (e) for maintenance requirements.

(9) Temporary Covers. Covers for deck openings must be secured in place and capable of supporting loads at least twice the weight of people, equipment, and materials combined. When a cover is removed, the opening must be protected by use of either a temporary grate placed over the deck opening or guardrails, or guard chains erected around it.

(10) Temporary Platforms. Temporary platforms (e.g., paint float, scaffolding systems) may be positioned or erected alongside elevated work areas to prevent falls. When working from these elevated work platforms, 5 feet or higher, the work platforms must be equipped with a guardrail system or other fall protection systems. Information on scaffolds can be found in appendix B13-A.

(11) Additional situations that may require the use of personal fall protection equipment listed in subparagraph 3d include:

(a) elevators, conveyors, and dumbwaiters; and

(b) ladders. Information on ladders can be found in appendix B13-B.

4. Inspection, Maintenance, Issue, and Storage of Personal Fall Protection Equipment. All personal fall protection equipment must be inspected, maintained, and issued in per the appropriate MIP and MRC per reference (e).

5. Assisted Rescue and Self Rescue Procedures

a. When personal fall protection systems are used, the command must ensure that the person can either self-rescue or can be rescued promptly. Ships must have onboard an assisted rescue system. The ship’s fall protection program instruction must contain a rescue plan that includes emergency procedures, local fire department notification when pier side, methods of self-rescue, assisted rescue, equipment requirements, ship-specific anchor points, and specialized training requirements for rescue personnel.

b. At least one aloft, site-specific, assisted rescue drill must be exercised pier side, annually. The drill will be documented in writing and retained onboard for 3 years.

6. Fall from Heights Mishap Reporting Procedures. Any fall from heights, and any noted fall hazards, must be reported to both the FPPM and the ship’s safety officer. The safety officer

OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019

B13-12 must submit either a mishap or hazard report, and make a hazard abatement log entry, as applicable. When personnel experience a fall that is arrested by fall arrest equipment, it isconsidered a mishap or near miss for reporting purposes and must be reported to both the FPPM and the ship’s safety officer. Fall arrest equipment involved in a fall mishap must be returned to the FPPM per subparagraph 2b(6). Falls resulting in injuries or near misses must be reported per reference (c).

7. Training

a. All Navy and Marine Corps personnel working at heights greater than 5 feet, who are exposed to fall hazards or otherwise involved in the Fall Protection program, must be trained to recognize the hazards of falling in the workplace and how to minimize such hazards. Additionally, end-users of fall protection equipment must be trained in assisted-rescue and self- rescue equipment and procedures.

b. Before using fall protection equipment, personnel must be trained on the safe use of fall protection equipment. All personnel working at heights greater than 5 feet must receive a minimum of 16 hours, or, as appropriate, fall protection training that includes hands-on training and practical demonstrations with practice climbing in a controlled situation in the presence of a competent person per reference (b).

c. The end-user must be trained by a competent person who has the knowledge, expertise, qualification, and education to deliver the training.

d. Refresher training for all end-users of fall protection equipment will be provided every 2 years. Additional retraining for end users will be provided as necessary for personnel to maintain proficiency.

e. Written certification of initial and refresher training is required and must be maintained for every individual certified to utilize fall protection equipment by the FPPM. For those personnel visiting from another Navy activity, they must provide documentation that certifies that they are qualified to utilize fall protection equipment. The documentation or certificate must identify the name of the employee trained, date of training, and the signature(s) of the trainer(s). Additionally, a determination will be made as to whether the training has resulted in personnel acquiring the required skills and knowledge.

f. FPPMs must be trained and qualified on the use of various types of personal fall protection equipment. Training must include the following:

(1) Fall protection program development, management and implementation.

(2) Record keeping (e.g., training, mishap reporting, and hazard reporting).

OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019

B13-13 (3) Inspection of equipment and systems (PMS).

(4) Fall hazard recognition.

(5) Ship applicable SOPs job qualification requirements (JQRs).

(6) above training requirements are met by completion of the NAVSAFENVTRACEN afloat fall protection program manager course or an equivalent course as approved by fleet commanders.

g. Competent person for fall protection must:

(1) be trained and qualified on the use of various personal fall protection equipment and systems through formal classroom and practical demonstration training;

(2) be trained on identifying, evaluating, and addressing existing and potential fall hazards;

(3) acquire knowledge and expertise in the application and use of personal fall protection and rescue systems, or any component thereof; and

(4) be familiar with, and able to train on, the:

(a) ship-specific fall-protection equipment;

(b) safety observer and end-user fall protection responsibilities; and

(c) calculating free-fall, total fall distance, and clearance requirements.

(5) above training requirements are met by completion of the NAVSAFENVTRACEN afloat fall protection competent person course or an equivalent course as approved by fleet commanders.

h. The safety officer, safety observers, supervisors of end-users, and end-users of fall protection must receive training on the topics detailed in subparagraph 7a from the competent person prior to using any personal fall protection equipment, and every 2 years thereafter. Training records must be maintained for 2 years by the FPPM.

i. All hands must be trained to recognize fall hazards and the work operations when personal fall protection equipment is required. This training is to be accomplished during shipboard indoctrination and annually thereafter.

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B13-A-1 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 13 APPENDIX B13-A SCAFFOLDING

1. Scaffolding becomes a significant factor during either maintenance evolutions, or dry docking periods. All scaffolding must be equipped with planks, guardrails, toeboards, access and cross bracing (see figure B13-A-1). Otherwise, wear a full-body harness with energy absorbing lanyard (safety lanyard) attached to an anchorage. The harness will be inspected per the established PMS prior to use.

2. Scaffolding will be erected by qualified contractor or shipyard personnel following OSHA standards. Ship’s force must not erect scaffolding. Once scaffolding is erected, it will be inspected by the contractor or shipyard. If ship’s force will be using the scaffolding, the competent person, FPPM, and safety officer will receive a tour of the scaffolding by the contractor or shipyard personnel. Figure B13-A-1 provides an example of a properly erected scaffold.

3. Daily inspections of scaffolding must be conducted by a qualified contractor or shipyard person. If ship’s force is to use the scaffolding, then a ship representative must accompany the qualified contractor or shipyard personnel on the daily inspection prior to use.

4. The following subparagraphs 4a through 4h provide general guidelines.

a. A qualified individual, usually a contractor or shipyard representative, must supervise the erection of scaffolding.

b. Scaffolds, and their components, must be capable of supporting at least 4 times the maximum intended load. The sides of scaffolds usually have maximum load markings.

c. Damaged or weakened scaffolds must not be used until repairs have been completed.

d. Guardrails, mid-rails, and toe-boards must be installed on all open sides and ends of platforms more than 5 feet above the deck.

e. A tag indicating that the scaffold is safe for use must be hung on the scaffold and issued by a qualified individual prior to use.

f. Hardhats must be worn by personnel working on or underneath scaffolding per reference (f).

OPNAVINST 5100.19F 5 May 2019

B13-A-2 Appendix A of Section B, Chapter 13

Figure B13-A-1

g. Access must be provided to all work platforms. If it is not available from the structure, access ladders, frames with built-in ladders, or stairways must be provided.

h. A full-body harness is not required to be worn by personnel working on scaffolds where installed guardrails protect all edges and prevent a fall hazard.

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B13-B-1 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 13 APPENDIX B13-B LADDERS

1. Fixed Ladders

a. Personnel must not perform work from a fixed ladder greater than 5 feet high, unless wearing fall protection equipment such as a full-body harness attached with a short connection to a ladder climbing device, a self-retracting lifeline, or “Y” lanyard; which in turn, is attached to a properly designed and installed anchorage. If the total length of the climb on a fixed ladder (with the exception of vertical trunks) equals or exceeds 20 feet, then the fixed ladder must be equipped with one of the following in subparagraphs 1a(1) and 1a(2).

(1) Ladder climbing device.

(2) Self-retracting lanyard (lifeline) and rest platforms at intervals not to exceed 15 feet.

b. In a ladder system with multiple ladder sections, each ladder section must not exceed 50 feet in length. These ladder sections must be offset from adjacent sections, and landing platforms must be provided at maximum intervals of 50 feet.

c. Fixed ladders are provided with ladder climbing devices or self-retracting lanyards (lifelines) where the length of climb is less than 20 feet, but the top of the ladder is at a distance greater than 20 feet above lower levels (i.e., if the fall from that ladder can exceed 20 feet to the lower level, but the ladder itself is less than 20 feet in length, such as observed with a 6-foot section of a fixed ladder located 25 feet above a lower level). The step-across distance between the center of the steps and rungs of fixed ladders, and the nearest edge of a landing area, must be no less than 2-1/2 inches and no more than 12 inches.

d. All ladder climbing devices must permit the worker to ascend or descend without continually having to hold, push, or pull any part of the device; whereby, leaving both hands free for climbing. These ladder climbing devices must be activated within 2 feet after a fall occurs. Ladder climbing devices must be attached to a frontal-centered D-ring or other specifically- designed centered frontal attachment point on a full-body harness.

e. The side rails of through-ladder or side-step ladder extensions must extend 42 inches above the top level or landing platform served by the ladder.

2. Portable and Extension Ladders (Non-Self-Supporting)

a. Personnel must visually inspect that non-self-supporting portable and extension ladders have structural integrity, can operate as designed, and are free from slippery materials prior to each use.

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B13-B-2 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 13 b. A non-self-supporting portable and extension ladder should be set, where possible, at a 4:1 ratio for the proper angle to deck or platform (see figure B13-B-1).

c. A non-self-supporting portable and extension ladder must be placed to prevent slipping, or it must be lashed, or it must be held in position.

d. Spreaders should be used to stabilize non-self-supporting portable and extension ladders, when possible.

e. Do not stand or work from the top 2 rungs of a non-self-supporting portable or extension ladder.

f. When non-self-supporting portable and extension ladders are placed for access to an upper landing surface, the side rails must extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface. When such an extension is not possible, the ladders must be tied off to the upper landing surface.

g. Ladders which have developed defects, will be withdrawn from service for repair as directed by the ladder manufacturer, or for destruction, and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use."

Figure B13-B-1

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B13-B-3 Appendix B of Section B, Chapter 13 3. Portable Step Ladders (Self-Supporting)

a. Personnel will visually inspect that portable ladders have structural integrity and can operate as designed prior to each use.

b. Do not stand or work from the top two rungs.

c. Do not use a closed, self-supporting stepladder because it may slip out.

d. Self-supporting stepladders must not exceed 20 feet in length.

e. The steps of a self-supporting stepladder must be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or treated to minimize slipping.

f. Metal self-supporting ladders must not be used when performing electrical work. Only ladders approved for electrical work must be used.

g. Ladders which have developed defects will be withdrawn from service for repair as directed by the ladder manufacturer, or for destruction, and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use."